Biography
Ram joined the Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences in January 2019, and has an active research and teaching role within the university. Prior to this position, he worked at the Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Ram has a BSc in Statistics and Mathematics from the University of Lucknow and an MSc in Health Statistics (or Medical Statistics) from the Banaras Hindu University. He later completed his PhD (Medical Statistics) at the National Institute of Medical Statistics, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India in survival estimation of HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy and predictive performance survival models for censored data. He continues to work in the field of cross-domain applications of the statistical and epidemiological methodologies with a particular interest in designing and evaluation of case-control/ cohort studies, evidence synthesis methods, Bayesian methods, and risk prediction modelling.
Research and scholarship
My research interests are broad and cover
- Prognostic research
- Survival analytic methods
- Quantitative epidemiology
- Bayesian methods in meta-analysis
- Statistical methodologies in evidence synthesis
- Statistical modelling
- Complex data analysis
- Research designs in epidemiological studies
Teaching
He enjoys teaching/ discussing statistics and epidemiological methods to undergraduate and graduate students.
Previously, he was teaching biostatistical methods and basic epidemiology modules to graduate students at Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He has also served as an Assistant Professor of Biostatistics at the Department of Community Medicine in Army College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India where he was involved in teaching statistical methods to undergraduate medical students.
Further information
- Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society (RSS)
- Life member of the International Epidemiological Association (IEA)
- Academic editor PLoS One
- Associate editor BMC Rheumatology
- Statistical editor to Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group (CCCG)
- Member of the Cochrane Statistical Methodology Group (SMG)
- Life-member of the Indian Society of Medical Statistics (ISMS)
- Life-member of the Indian Bayesian Society (IBS)
- Life-member of the Indian Public Health Association (IPHA)
- Statistical reviewer to many International Journals
Selected Publications
- 2022.
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P145 Safety of colchicine or NSAID prophylaxis when initiating allopurinol for gout: propensity score-matched cohort studies. Rheumatology, vol. 61(Supplement_1). link> doi> link> full text>2022.
- 2022.
- 2022.
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Factors Associated with Healing Outcomes in Primary Care Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Retrospective Study in a Multiethnic Sample. Adv Skin Wound Care, 22-29, vol. 35(1). link> doi> full text>2022.
Full Publications Listshow
Journal Articles
- 2022.
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P145 Safety of colchicine or NSAID prophylaxis when initiating allopurinol for gout: propensity score-matched cohort studies. Rheumatology, vol. 61(Supplement_1). link> doi> link> full text>2022.
- 2022.
- 2022.
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Factors Associated with Healing Outcomes in Primary Care Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Retrospective Study in a Multiethnic Sample. Adv Skin Wound Care, 22-29, vol. 35(1). link> doi> full text>2022.
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Health-related quality of life and chronic wound characteristics among patients with chronic wounds treated in primary care: A cross-sectional study in Singapore. Int Wound J. link> doi> full text>2021.
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Readmission after index hospital discharge among patients with COVID-19: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep, e417, vol. 4(4). link> doi> full text>2021.
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Risk of bias in studies on prediction models developed using supervised machine learning techniques: systematic review. BMJ, n2281, vol. 375. link> doi> full text>2021.
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Venous thromboembolism is linked to severity of disease in COVID-19 patients: A systematic literature review and exploratory meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract, e14910, vol. 75(12). link> doi> full text>2021.
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Association of inflammatory markers with severity of disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. doi>2021.
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Blood biochemical parameters as predictors of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients- an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. doi> full text>2021.
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A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial of an Intergenerational Arts and Heritage-Based Intervention in Singapore: Project ARTISAN. Front Psychol, 730709, vol. 12. link> doi> full text>2021.
- 2021.
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Completeness of reporting of clinical prediction models developed using supervised machine learning: A systematic review. doi> full text>2021.
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COVID-19 pandemic and psychological wellbeing among health care workers and general population: A systematic-review and meta-analysis of the current evidence from India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 1-9, vol. 11. doi> link> full text>2021.
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Toward a More Nuanced Interpretation of Statistical Significance in Biomedical Research. Asian Journal of Oncology. doi> link> full text>2021.
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Prevalence and incidence of dental fluorosis in India: protocol for a systematic review and Meta-analysis. doi> full text>2021.
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Onset of comorbidities and flare patterns within pre-existing morbidity clusters in people with gout: 5-year primary care cohort study. Rheumatology, Article keab283. link> doi> link> full text>2021.
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A Comparative Study of International and Asian Criteria for Overweight or Obesity at Workplaces in Singapore. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health. doi>2021.
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Community-based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people, stratified by frailty: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open, e045637, vol. 11(2). link> doi> link> full text>2021.
- 2021.
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Impact of cardiovascular diseases on severity of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 52-60, vol. 50(1). doi> link> full text>2021.
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Can the Choice of Radiotherapy Delivery Technique Influence Which Target Delineation Protocol to Use? A Plan-Quality-Based Analysis in Left Breast Cancer. Asian Journal of Oncology, 13-21, vol. 7(1). doi> link> full text>2020.
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Exercise/physical activity and health outcomes: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. BMC Public Health, 1724, vol. 20(1). link> doi> full text>2020.
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Protocol for a systematic review on the methodological and reporting quality of prediction model studies using machine learning techniques. BMJ Open, e038832, vol. 10(11). link> doi> full text>2020.
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Plan quality assessment of modern radiotherapy delivery techniques in left-sided breast cancer: an analysis stratified by target delineation guidelines. BJR|Open, 20200007, vol. 2(1). doi> link> full text>2020.
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Visual recovery after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in relation to pre-operative spherical equivalent. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 1053-1060, vol. 259(4). link> doi> full text>2021.
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3D Printed Silicone Meniscus Implants: Influence of the 3D Printing Process on Properties of Silicone Implants. Polymers (Basel), vol. 12(9). link> doi> full text>2020.
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Association of diabetes and hypertension with disease severity in covid-19 patients: A systematic literature review and exploratory meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 108295, vol. 166. link> doi> full text>2020.
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Alliance between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and fracture risk: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1373-1392, vol. 76(10). link> doi> full text>2020.
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Rheumatological conditions as risk factors for self‐harm: A retrospective cohort study. Arthritis Care & Research, Article acr.24345. doi> link> full text>2020.
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Predictive equation for optimal continuous positive airway pressure in children with obstructive sleep apnoea. ERJ Open Research, 00312-2019, vol. 6(2). doi> link> full text>2020.
- 2020.
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3D Direct Printing of Silicone Meniscus Implant Using a Novel Heat-Cured Extrusion-Based Printer. Polymers (Basel), vol. 12(5). link> doi> full text>2020.
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Determination of cut-off and correlates of delay in treatment-seeking of febrile illness: a retrospective analysis. BMC Public Health, 572, vol. 20(1). link> doi> full text>2020.
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How varying CD4 criteria for treatment initiation was associated with mortality of HIV-patients? A retrospective analysis of electronic health records from Andhra Pradesh, India. J Glob Health, 010408, vol. 10(1). link> doi> full text>2020.
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Factors Influencing Family Burden of Paediatric Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-sectional Study. Acta Dermato Venereologica, 0. doi> link> full text>2020.
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Prevalence of psychological distress and its association with perceived indoor environmental quality and workplace factors in under and aboveground workplaces. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT, Article ARTN 106799, vol. 175. link> doi> full text>2020.
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Interstitial lung disease is a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. Heart, 916-922, vol. 106(12). doi> full text>2020.
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Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Associated Work-Related Factors among Indoor Workers in a Multi-Ethnic Southeast Asian Country. Int J Environ Res Public Health, vol. 17(1). link> doi> full text>2019.
- 2020.
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Silicone 3D Printing: Process Optimization, Product Biocompatibility, and Reliability of Silicone Meniscus Implants. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, 319-332, vol. 6(6). link> doi> full text>2019.
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Prevalence of and factors associated with poor sleep quality and short sleep in a working population in Singapore. Sleep Health. doi>2019.
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Identifying Prognostic Groups Using Machine Learning Tools in Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation for Inoperable Locally Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma. Asian Journal of Oncology. doi> full text>2019.
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PO-155: Malignant Esophago-Respiratory Fistulas: An institutional audit of treatment outcomes. Radiotherapy and Oncology, S67-S68, vol. 141. doi>2019.
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Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) lenticule thickness readout compared to change in axial length measurements with the IOLMaster. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. doi>2019.
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Arts for ageing well: a propensity score matching analysis of the effects of arts engagements on holistic well-being among older Asian adults above 50 years of age. BMJ Open, e029555, vol. 9(11). doi>2019.
- 2019.
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Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases at Baseline and Their Short-Term Changes in a Workplace Cohort in Singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 4551, vol. 16(22). doi> full text>2019.
- 2019.
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The cost of childhood atopic dermatitis in a multi‐ethnic Asian population: a cost‐of‐illness study. British Journal of Dermatology, Article bjd.18442. doi> full text>2019.
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Health Effects of Underground Workspaces cohort: study design and baseline characteristics. Epidemiology and Health, e2019025, vol. 41. doi> full text>2019.
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Digital Education of Health Professionals on the Management of Domestic Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration. Journal of Medical Internet Research, e13868, vol. 21(5). doi> full text>2019.
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Individual, clinical and system factors associated with the place of death: A linked national database study. PLoS One, e0215566, vol. 14(4). link> doi> full text>2019.
- 2019.
- 2019.
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Study of risk factors causing coronary heart disease among army personnel of the rank non-commissioned officers and below in the age group of 20-50 years and its association with prehypertension. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 360-364, vol. 8(5). doi> link> full text>2019.
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Health Professions' Digital Education: Review of Learning Theories in Randomized Controlled Trials by the Digital Health Education Collaboration. J Med Internet Res, e12912, vol. 21(3). link> doi> full text>2019.
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Digital Education for Health Professions on Smoking Cessation Management: Systematic Review by the Digital Health Education Collaboration. J Med Internet Res, e13000, vol. 21(3). link> doi> full text>2019.
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Digital Health Professions Education on Diabetes Management: Systematic Review by the Digital Health Education Collaboration. J Med Internet Res, e12997, vol. 21(2). link> doi> full text>2019.
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Digital Education in Health Professions: The Need for Overarching Evidence Synthesis. J Med Internet Res, e12913, vol. 21(2). link> doi> full text>2019.
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Retrospective cohort analysis of real-life decisions about end-of-life care preferences in a Southeast Asian country. BMJ Open, e024662, vol. 9(2). link> doi> full text>2019.
- 2019.
- 2018.
- 2019.
- 2019.
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Early Clinical Outcomes, Patterns of Failure, and Acute Haematologic Toxicity of Image-Guided Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (IG-VMAT) in the Definitive Treatment of Locally Advanced Carcinoma Cervix. Clin Med Insights Oncol, 1179554918783990, vol. 12. link> doi> full text>2018.
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Melatonin and health: an umbrella review of health outcomes and biological mechanisms of action. BMC Medicine, Article ARTN 18, vol. 16. link> doi> link> full text>2018.
- 2017.
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Does tobacco addiction relate to oral mucosal changes? An epidemiological study from North India. Journal of Public Health, 257-266, vol. 25(3). doi>2017.
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The humanistic and economic burden of chronic wounds: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev, 15, vol. 6(1). link> doi> full text>2017.
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Radial endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of bronchoscopically invisible lesions: First case series from India. Lung India, 43, vol. 34(1). doi>2017.
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Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Survival of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Adult Patients in Andhra Pradesh, India: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2007-2013. J Prev Med Public Health, 394-405, vol. 49(6). link> doi> full text>2016.
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Prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds and related complications: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev, 152, vol. 5(1). link> doi> full text>2016.
- 2016.
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Estimation of life-time survival and predictors of mortality among the people living with HIV/AIDS: a case study in Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 845-851. doi>2016.
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Correlates of Change in CD4 Count among the HIV Patients at Antiretroviral Treatment Centres in India: Cross Sectional Analysis of Secondary Data. National Journal of Community Medicine, 71-77, vol. 7(2).2016.
- 2016.
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Predictors of Substance Use in the Tribal Population of Northeast India: Retrospective Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Survey. Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, vol. 7(5). doi>
- 2015.
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Evaluation of Inter-Rater Agreement and Inter-Rater Reliability for Observational Data: An Overview of Concepts and Methods. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 20-27, vol. 41(3).2015.
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The Rorschach Factor Structure and Personality Assessment of Normal Indian Adults. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 142-150, vol. 41(1).2015.
- 2014.
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Goodness of Measurement: Reliability and Validity. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 112, vol. 3(2). doi>2014.
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Demographic Correlates of Survival in Adult HIV Patients Registered at ART Centers in Andhra Pradesh, India: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Public Health Research, 31-38, vol. 4(1). doi>2014.
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Relative Survival: A Useful Tool in Population Based Health Studies. American Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 38-45, vol. 4(1). doi>2014.
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Rorschach culture and popular responses. Eastern Journal of Psychiatry, 36-40, vol. 16(1 & 2).2013.
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Cases of "drowning" not backed by autopsy & diatoms test (drowning mess a result of lack of vision). International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine, 45-51, vol. 16(1 & 2).2013.
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Emergency contraception: a study to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among female college students in Delhi. National Journal of Community Medicine, 282-285, vol. 4(2).2013.
- 2013.
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A Correlational Study of Rorschach Indices with Intellectual Endowment in Normal Indian Adults. Indian journal of clinical psychology, 61-66, vol. 39(1).2012.
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Assessment of Utilization of Antenatal Care Services and Their Associated Factors in Slums Of Varanasi. Indian Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 1-8, vol. 14(1).2012.
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Monitoring of Domestic Breeding of Dengue Fever Vector Along Side Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization Programme Phases in Delhi Cantonment: A Rewarding Experience. Indian Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 107-112, vol. 43(1).2012.
- 2011.
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Perceptions and practices regarding menstruation among adolescent girls in a semi-urban area of Delhi. Indian Journal of Maternal and Child health, vol. 13(3).2011.
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Associational Contents of Rorschach and its Relationship with Verbal Intelligence in adults. SIS J. Proj. Psy. & Ment. Health, 193-199, vol. 18(2).2011.
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Rorschach Profile of Indian Adults. SIS. J. Proj. Psy. & Mental health, 180-186, vol. 17(2).2010.
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Analyzing the Impact of Healthy Behavior on Weight Change with a Provable Mathematical Model (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research. doi> link> full text>
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Digital Education for Health Professions on Smoking Cessation Management: Systematic Review by the Digital Health Education Collaboration (Preprint). doi>
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Digital Education of Health Professionals on the Management of Domestic Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration (Preprint). doi>
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Digital Health Professions Education on Diabetes Management: Systematic Review by the Digital Health Education Collaboration (Preprint). doi>
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Health Professions’ Digital Education: Review of Learning Theories in Randomized Controlled Trials by the Digital Health Education Collaboration (Preprint). doi>
Chapters
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Correlates and Gender Differentials of Opium Use Among Tribal Communities. In Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse. Academic Press, Elsevier, London. doi>
Other
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Alpha-Beta ratio estimation and radiotherapeutic equivalence of chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer. RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY (pp. S1515-S1516, vol. 161). link>2021.
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Clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in oesophageal cancer. RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY (pp. S715-S716, vol. 161). link>2021.
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Deep learning using Pre-NACRT imaging can predict pathological response in esophageal cancer. RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY (pp. S1530-S1531, vol. 161). link>2021.
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Factors predicting pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in oesophageal cancer. RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY (pp. S1000-S1001, vol. 161). link>2021.
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Why are Machine Learning-based prediction models still unpopular in clinical practice?. Diagnostic and Prognostic Research. doi> link> full text>2021.
- 2020.
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Clinical Outcomes Of Patients With Pathologic Residual Nodal Disease After Neo-Adjuvant Chemoradiation For Esophageal Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS (p. E637, vol. 108). link>2020.
- 2020.
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Pathological Response Prediction To Neo-Adjuvant Chemoradiation In Esophageal Carcinoma Using Artificial Intelligence And Radiomics: An Exploratory Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS (pp. E612-E613, vol. 108). link>2020.
- 2020.
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Plan Quality of Modern Radiotherapy Delivery Techniques in Left-Sided Breast Cancer: An Analysis Stratified by Consensus Target Delineation Guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS (pp. E78-E79, vol. 108). link>2020.
- 2020.
- 2020.
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Malignant Esophago-Respiratory Fistulas: An institutional audit of treatment outcomes. RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY (pp. S67-S68, vol. 141). link>2019.
- 2019.
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How varying CD4 criteria for treatment initiation was associated with survivability of HIV-patients?: retrospective analysis of health records from India.
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Reporting of planned power and statistical design in published digital education intervention studies for health professionals: a cross-sectional analysis.
- 2019.
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HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS AND THEIR CAREGIVERS IN SINGAPORE. link>2019.
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THE FAMILY IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN SINGAPORE. link>2019.
- 2018.
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Bayesian meta-analysis in medical evidence synthesis: a systematic review of design of methodology and its reporting.
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Obesity prevalence in aboveground and underground workplaces among employees in singapore: a cross-sectional study. link>2018.
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The humanistic and economic burden of wounds in Singapore: a multi-ethnic sample.2018.
- 2017.
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Innovative research strategies for studying the effectiveness of eHealth interventions: a methodological review.
- 2017.
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Delay in Reporting Febrile Illness in the Endemic Areas: Some Possible Correlates.2012.
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Geographic Information System (GIS) in Public Health : Issues and Challenges.2010.
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