Biography
Following an undergraduate medical degree (Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka), Professor Sumathipala obtained a Diploma In Family Medicine and a Doctorate in Family Medicine (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine (University of Colombo, Sri Lanka). He migrated to the UK in 1992 and was re-trained as a psychiatrist at the Maudesley and Bethlem Royal Hospitals and obtained the MRCPsych and completed the specialist training as a Liaison psychiatrist.
He was a Research Associate (Section of Epidemiology) at the Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London from 1999 to 2004 and completed a PhD from University of London in 2004. He also worked as a Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College from 2008 to 2009.
In 1997 he founded the Institute for Research and Development in Sri Lanka (IRD - www.ird.lk). He moved to Sri Lanka to serve as the Director of the IRD while remaining as a Hon Senior Lecturer, IoP, Kings College, London from 2009 to 2014. Following the Tsunami he also worked as the coordinator (Psychosocial Affairs), Centre for National Operations on Tsunami in Sri Lanka.
He was awarded the HB Williams Traveling Professorship of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists in 2007. He was elected as an honorary Fellow of the Sri Lankan College of General Practitioners in 2008. He was awarded the Fellowship of the Royal College of Psychiatrist, UK in 2018.
The Institute for Research and Development he founded in Sri Lanka received a merit award for ‘excellence in multidisciplinary international collaborations’ and Professor Sumathipala received ‘outstanding leadership, from National Science Foundation in 2018.
Professor Sumathipala is also an Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Emeritus Professor of Global Mental Health, Kings College London, Hon. Director, Institute for Research and Development, Sri Lanka and a Visiting Professor in Psychiatry and Biomedical Research at the Faculty of Medicine, Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka.
Research and scholarship
Professor Sumathipala started the research career with an interest in medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) when he was a GP in Sri Lanka. His first research project which formed the basis of his Doctorate in Medicine: an epidemiological study of MUS. His work extended from observational epidemiology to intervention studies. He has conducted two clinical trials of CBT for the treatment of MUS in Sri Lanka.
His interests started with MUS grounded through real life experience when he was working in primary care in Sri Lanka and extended from observational epidemiology to intervention studies. I have conducted two clinical trials of CBT for the treatment of MUS in Sri Lanka. These were identified in the Lancet Series on Global Mental Health (2007) as among a handful of such complex intervention trials of mental disorders from low and middle income countries. His first intervention study formed the basis of his PhD, the second study built on the first to investigate the efficacy of CBT for MUS delivered by primary care doctors. This work is now replicated in Vietnam in collaboration with colleagues from Australia. This CBT intervention was used as a model for a subsequent RCT using CBT as an outreach approach for patients with suicidal ideations in Sri Lanka by a PhD student at King’s College London, whom he co-supervised.
The originality of the CBT intervention developed is that it is an intervention simple enough to be implemented by non-mental health professionals, but which conforms to CBT principles. The approach is efficient as it reduces the duration and frequency of sessions required 3-6 sessions of 30 minutes duration. The treatment package was designed by using metaphor as an effective clinical tool to get the principles of CBT across to patients and clinicians more easily. To develop an appealing and effective metaphor, he first undertook extensive qualitative research on patients’ explanatory models.
His work particularly on MUS has had an influence policy and practice in the field. MUS are an important public health issue following disasters. Therefore after the tsunami, the WHO sponsored training of a critical mass of doctors (400). A manual and a poster were developed (www.ird.lk). The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC - headed by the WHO) guidelines on mental health and psycho social support in emergency settings, has incorporated this work and have recommended it as an important front line post-disaster intervention. It is also incorporated in WHO mhGAP Intervention Guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings. After the earthquake in Pakistan and Sichuan province in China, I trained 40 psychiatrists using these resources.
He also founded the Sri Lankan Twin Registry (1997), which is a unique resource; one of the few large scale functioning population based registries for twin and genetic research in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). It comprises of a volunteer cohort of 14,120 twins and a population-based cohort of 19,040 twins. Several studies have been conducted using this registry, which have explored the prevalence and heritability of a range of psychiatric disorders including depression, somatisation, PTSD, alcohol abuse.
Current work is extending into the interface between mental and physical health to new horizons, extending collaborations with the wider global twin research community. A follow-up study of the same cohort was completed, looking at the prevalence and interrelationship of a number of key cardiovascular and metabolic risk markers; diabetes, heart disease, and depression.
He has also built a successful programme of research into ethical aspects of research in Sri Lanka, mainly funded by the Wellcome Trust. This work includes training and capacity building to improve research ethics and the governance of research in Sri Lanka and South Asia. This was extended to disaster related research and ethics. I have given leadership to establish the Working Group on Disaster Research and Ethics (WGDRE) in South Asia publishing ethical guidelines for disaster related research. This group has now extended to include colleagues from Australia, Brazil, Israel, Japan, China, US and EU countries.
His work has brought him an international reputation. This is reflected through the travelling professorship I was awarded by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) in 2007 and Honorary Fellowship awarded by the Sri Lankan College of General Practitioners in 2008. I have also been an invited speaker at major international conferences including the invitation by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), the World Health Organization WHO, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in (Beijing 2006), World Psychiatric Association & WONCA Thematic Conference (Grenada 2008), and at the 11th International congress on behavioural medicine, Washington DC (2010) and key note speech at RANZAP annual conference in New Zealand (2007).
He has served as a member of the WHO Working Group on Somatic Distress and Dissociative Disorders, Revision of ICD-10 (2011) and WHO Guidelines Development Group (GDG) for problems and disorders specifically related to stress (SPE-STRESS) – (2011)
However, being a researcher from a developing country, where the infrastructure for research is not well established, demanded I think beyond his personal career. He considers his greatest contribution throughout his academic and research career is the establishment of Institute for Research & Development (IRD) in Sri Lanka (www.ird.lk) and the Sri Lankan Twin Registry. Working with senior colleagues at the IoP/KCL and Sri Lanka, the resource has been extended to establish a state-of-the-art genetic laboratory and a bio-bank.
He also realised that there was a gap in the ethical framework, which is essential for high quality research. Extension of this work earned him an additional international reputation in bioethics that resulted in the UNECSO validating him as an expert in bioethics.
He founded and continued to provide the strategic leadership to the IRD which is now a sustainable research organization independent of government, industry and universities. The IRD has been a vehicle for developing series of large-scale local and international research projects. IRD was commissioned by the Ministry of Health Sri Lank, to carry out the first ever island wide mental health survey (2007) and also the survey on left behind families by spouse migration (2011) which contributed to the national migration policy. In 2007, the WHO Colombo office commissioned the IRD to develop and evaluate a training programme for primary care doctors in Eastern province of Sri Lanka on identification, treatment and referral of epilepsy, psychosis, severe depression, MUC and heavy alcohol use.
This infrastructure now complements his efforts by promoting capacity building through a cadre of high-calibre junior academics.
Teaching
I have extensive experience in the field of teaching. I have lectured and taught seminars on a range of topics related to mental health at post-graduate level, and in international courses in research methods including qualitative methods, and ethics.
Further information
I consider my greatest contribution throughout my academic and research career is the establishment of Institute for Research & Development (IRD) in Sri Lanka (www.ird.lk) and the Sri Lankan Twin Registry which is a unique resource; one of the few large scale functioning population based registries for twin and genetic research in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). I also have an international reputation in bioethics.
Selected Publications
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Examining the psychological and behavioural patterns of students in Sri Lanka during COVID-19: A qualitative study. International Health Trends and Perspectives, 15-25, vol. 2(1). doi> link> full text>
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The aetiological relationship between depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life: A population-based twin study in Sri Lanka. PLoS One, e0265421, vol. 17(3). link> doi> full text>2022.
- 2022.
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Vertebral fracture as a risk factor for self-harm: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 757, vol. 22(1). link> doi> full text>2021.
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Vertebral fracture as a risk factor for self-harm: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 1-7, vol. 22. link> doi> link> full text>2021.
Full Publications Listshow
Books
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Psychosis, Severe Depression, Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS), Epilepsy and Heavy Alcohol Use Identification, treatment and referral.2009.
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'On the shoulders of giants' Biographical notes for the MRCPsych part II and I.2004.
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Research Ethics from a developing world perspective.2003.
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Cognitive behavioural therapy for medically unexplained symptoms.
Journal Articles
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Examining the psychological and behavioural patterns of students in Sri Lanka during COVID-19: A qualitative study. International Health Trends and Perspectives, 15-25, vol. 2(1). doi> link> full text>
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The aetiological relationship between depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life: A population-based twin study in Sri Lanka. PLoS One, e0265421, vol. 17(3). link> doi> full text>2022.
- 2022.
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Vertebral fracture as a risk factor for self-harm: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 757, vol. 22(1). link> doi> full text>2021.
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Vertebral fracture as a risk factor for self-harm: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 1-7, vol. 22. link> doi> link> full text>2021.
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Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins: An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts. Horm Behav, 105054, vol. 136. link> doi> full text>2021.
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Associations Between Anxiety Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Based Twin Study in Sri Lanka. Behav Genet, 394-404, vol. 51(4). link> doi> full text>2021.
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Dementia Research Activity in Sri Lanka: A Review. Journal of Neurodegenerative Disorders, vol. 3(1). doi> link> full text>2020.
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Exploring women's experiences of identifying, negotiating and managing perinatal anxiety: a qualitative study. BMJ Open, e040731, vol. 10(12). link> doi> full text>2020.
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Indicators of dementia disease progression in primary care: An electronic health record cohort study. Eur J Neurol, 1499-1510, vol. 28(5). link> doi> full text>2021.
- 2020.
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The Sri Lankan twin registry biobank: South Asia's first twin biobank. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom, e5, vol. 5. link> doi> full text>2020.
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Medical ethics: knowledge, attitude and practice among doctors in three teaching hospitals in Sri Lanka. BMC Medical Ethics, Article 69, vol. 21(1). link> doi> link> full text>2020.
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Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts. Scientific Reports, 12681, vol. 10(1). link> doi> link> full text>2020.
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Markers of dementia-related health in primary care electronic health records. Aging Ment Health, 1452-1462, vol. 25(8). link> doi> full text>2021.
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Rheumatic Conditions as Risk Factors for Self-Harm: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 130-137, vol. 73(1). link> doi> full text>2021.
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Prevalence of mental health conditions amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus in one of the most deprived localities in England. Int J STD AIDS, 619-626, vol. 31(7). link> doi> full text>2020.
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Ethics, a critical friend of research. Ceylon Journal of Science, 1, vol. 49(1). doi> link> full text>2020.
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Patterns of symptoms before a diagnosis of first episode psychosis: a latent class analysis of UK primary care electronic health records. BMC Med, 227, vol. 17(1). link> doi> full text>2019.
- 2019.
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Genetic overlap between type 2 diabetes and depression in a Sri Lankan population twin sample. Psychosomatic Medicine. link> doi> full text>2019.
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Advancing good governance in data sharing and biobanking - international aspects. doi>2019.
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Advancing good governance in data sharing and biobanking - international aspects. Wellcome Open Res, 184, vol. 4. link> doi> full text>2019.
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Protocol for establishing a child and adolescent twin register for mental health research and capacity building in Sri Lanka and other low and middle-income countries in South Asia. BMJ Open, e029332, vol. 9(10). link> doi> full text>2019.
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Healthcare professionals' perspectives on identifying and managing perinatal anxiety: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract, e768-e776, vol. 69(688). link> doi> full text>2019.
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The relationship between independent and dependent life events and depression symptoms in Sri Lanka: a twin and singleton study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 237-249, vol. 55(2). link> doi> full text>2020.
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The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins. Twin Res Hum Genet, 800-808, vol. 22(6). link> doi> full text>2019.
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The association between emotional eating and depressive symptoms: a population-based twin study in Sri Lanka. Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics, 699, vol. 4(e4). link> doi> link> full text>2019.
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Family functioning, trauma exposure and PTSD: A cross sectional study. J Affect Disord, 645-652, vol. 245. link> doi> full text>2019.
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Agreement between subjective and objective measures of sleep duration in a low-middle income country setting. Sleep Health, 543-550, vol. 4(6). link> doi> full text>2018.
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The Colombo Twin and Singleton Follow-up Study: a population based twin study of psychiatric disorders and metabolic syndrome in Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health, 145, vol. 18(1). link> doi> full text>2018.
- 2010.
- 2003.
- 2008.
- 2004.
- 2009.
- 2001.
- 2015.
- 2004.
- 2013.
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Twins as Participants in Randomized Controlled Trials: A Review of Published Literature. Twin Res Hum Genet, 51-56, vol. 21(1). link> doi> full text>2018.
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Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years: An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts. Twin Res Hum Genet, 395-405, vol. 20(5). link> doi> full text>2017.
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Differences in genetic and environmental variation in adult BMI by sex, age, time period, and region: an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 457-466, vol. 106(2). link> doi> full text>2017.
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Genetic and other risk factors for suicidal ideation and the relationship with depression. Psychol Med, 2438-2449, vol. 47(14). link> doi> full text>2017.
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Does the sex of one's co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts. Biology of Sex Differences, 14, vol. 8. link> doi> full text>2017.
- 2017.
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Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994. eLife. doi> link> full text>2016.
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A global mental health fund for serious mental illness in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Psychiatry, 495-497, vol. 3(6). link> doi> full text>2016.
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Integrating mental health into primary care for post-conflict populations: a pilot study. Int J Ment Health Syst, 12, vol. 10. link> doi> full text>2016.
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Changes in mental disorder prevalence among conflict-affected populations: a prospective study in Sri Lanka (COMRAID-R). BMC Psychiatry, 424, vol. 15(1). link> doi> full text>2015.
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Risk of mental health and nutritional problems for left-behind children of international labor migrants. BMC Psychiatry, 412, vol. 15(1). link> doi> full text>2015.
- 2015.
- 2015.
- 2015.
- 2015.
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The prevalence and correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders: a population based study in Colombo, Sri Lanka. BMC Psychiatry, 158, vol. 15. link> doi> full text>2015.
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Common mental disorders among adult members of 'left-behind' international migrant worker families in Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health, 299, vol. 15. link> doi> full text>2015.
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Changes in mental disorder prevalence among conflict-affected populations: a prospective study in Sri Lanka (COMRAID-R). BMC Psychiatry, 41, vol. 15. link> doi> full text>2015.
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Risk of mental health and nutritional problems for left-behind children of international labor migrants. BMC Psychiatry, 39, vol. 15. link> doi> full text>2015.
- 2016.
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Dynamics of resilience in forced migration: a 1-year follow-up study of longitudinal associations with mental health in a conflict-affected, ethnic Muslim population. BMJ Open, e006000, vol. 5(2). link> doi> full text>2015.
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World Health organization guidelines for management of acute stress, PTSD, and bereavement: key challenges on the road ahead. PLoS Med, e1001769, vol. 11(12). link> doi> full text>2014.
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International Network of Twin Registries (INTR): Building a Platform for International Collaboration. Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 574-577, vol. 17(6). doi>2014.
- 2014.
- 2014.
- 2013.
- 2015.
- 2013.
- 2013.
- 2013.
- 2013.
- 2013.
- 2013.
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Global pattern of experienced and anticipated discrimination reported by people with major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional survey. doi>2012.
- 2009.
- 2012.
- 2000.
- 2011.
- 2006.
- 2012.
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Ethics of disaster management, clinical care and research. Asian Bioethics Review, 105-107, vol. 2(2).2012.
- 2002.
- 2003.
- 2011.
- 2008.
- 2010.
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Ethical issues in a post-disaster clinical interventions and research: a developing world perspective. Key findings from a drafting and consensus generation meeting of the working group on disaster research and ethics. Asian Bioethics Review, 224-242, vol. 2(2).2010.
- 2010.
- 2010.
- 2010.
- 2006.
- 2008.
- 2008.
- 2008.
- 2008.
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Ethical approval and informed consent: analysis of biomedical publications originating from Sri Lanka. BMC Medical Ethics, vol. 3(9). doi>2008.
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Understanding the cognitive representation of medically unexplained symptoms and its implication on treatment development research: A Sri Lanka study. BMC Psychiatry, vol. 54(8).2008.
- 2007.
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RCT of cognitive behaviour therapy in active suicidal ideation-as feasibility study in Sri Lanka. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 175-178, vol. 21(3). link>2007.
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Bioethics in Sri Lanka. East Mediterr Health J, S73-S79, vol. 12 Suppl 1. link>2006.
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Identification and management of dead bodies as a component of psychosocial interventions after the Tsunami; a view from Sri Lanka. International Review in Psychiatry, 249-257, vol. 18(3).2006.
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Psychological approaches to somatisation in developing countries. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 54-62, vol. 12.2006.
- 2005.
- 2004.
- 2004.
- 2004.
- 2003.
- 2003.
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Qualitative research, a review. 136-139, vol. 48(4).2003.
- 2002.
- 2001.
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Cognitive behavioural therapy reduced distress and doctor visits in patients with medically unexplained symptoms. Evidence based Mental Health, 22, vol. 4(1).2001.
- 2000.
- 2000.
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New approach to translating instruments for cross-cultural research: a combined qualitative and quantitative approach for translation and consensus generation. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 87-95, vol. 9(2).2000.
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Randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for repeated consultations for medically unexplained complaints: a feasibility study in Sri Lanka. Psychological Medicine, 747-757, vol. 30.2000.
- 1999.
- 1997.
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Evolution of psychiatric care - a spiral model. Psychiatric Bulletin, 561-563, vol. 20.1996.
Chapters
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Ethical issues in global mental health trials. In Global Mental Health Trials. Oxford University Press.2014.
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Research Infrastructure. In Essentials of Global Mental Health. Cambridge University Press.2014.
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When relief comes from a different culture. In Ethical issues in providing healthcare during disasters. Springer.2013.
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Psychiatric emergencies in disaster situations. In Emergencies in Psychiatry in low and middle income countries. Baywood Books.2012.
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Cultural aspect of medically unexplained symptoms. In A textbook on improving the management of patients with medically unexplained symptoms. EACLPP.2011.
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What is the evidence for efficacy of treatment for somatoform disorders? Somatic presentation of mental disorders. In Monograph. American Psychiatric Association.2008.
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Culture Bound Syndromes: a re-evaluation. In Textbook of cultural psychiatry. Cambridge University Press.2007.
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Mental Health in South Asia. In Textbook of culture and mental health disorder. A comprehensive text book. Hodder Arnold.2006.
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Concepts of medically unexplained symptoms in relation to mind body dualism. Chapter 1: Somatization and Conversion Disorders. In Somatoform Disorders, WPA Series Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry Volume 9. Wiley.2005.
Other
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INCREASED RISK OF SELF-HARM IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS: A UK POPULATION STUDY. OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL (pp. 625-626, vol. 29). link>2018.
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Medical Insurance Type and Team-Based Expert Care Affect All-Cause Mortality in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients. CIRCULATION (vol. 138). link>2018.
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Sex differences in cognitive restraint and body mass index: the COTASS-2 study. BEHAVIOR GENETICS (p. 716, vol. 47). link>2017.
- 2017.
- 2012.
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The heritability of depressive tendency in a Sri Lankan twin sample, using an age-dependent categorical phenotype. BEHAVIOR GENETICS (p. 736, vol. 37). link>2007.
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