Unconscious bias
The following publications demonstrate biases related to the protected characteristics of gender and race. These publications generally conclude that the individuals showing a bias are not aware of their bias i.e. it is unconscious.
| Publication | Area of work | Area of bias |
| Recruitment and Selection | ||
| Reuben et al., 2013 | Fictitous position for individial requiring maths skills | Gender |
| Moss-Racusin et al., 2012 | Fictitious position for laboratory manager | Gender |
| Rooth (2010) | Real world data on hiring and ethnicity combined with Implicit Association Tests | Gender |
| Steinpreis et al., 1999 | Fictitious position for psychologist | Gender |
| King et al., 2006 | Shortlisting on manipulated CV's with names indicating ethnicity | Race |
| Bertrand & Mullainathan (2004) | Shortlisting on genuine CV's with fictituous names indicating ethnicity | Race |
| Carlson and Rooth (2008) | CV's with overseas qualifications | Race |
| Trix and Psenka (2003) | Real-life letters of recommendation. | Gender |
| Goldin and Rouse (2000) | Auditions for orchestras - showed that gender equality in recruitment was improved following blind auditions. | Gender |
| Peer Review | ||
| Tamblyn et al. (2018) | Peer reciew in grant applications | Gender, age (other factors including amount of money applied for) |
| Wennerås and Wold (1997) | Peer Review in grant applications in Sweden | Gender |
| Peters and Ceci (1982) | Peer Review in journals | Institutional reputation |
| Student Assessment of University-level Teaching | ||
| Bell and Brooks (2016) | National Student Survey - student satisifaction. | Race (no evidence for gender bias) |
| Boring et al., 2016 | Student assessment of University teaching. | Gender |
| Lynn Ewing et al., 2003 | Student assessment of teaching. Note: students appear to make some adjustments for bias but these are unhelpful | Sexuality |
| Interactions | ||
| McConnell and Leibold, 2001 | Friendliness of body language | Race |
| Salerno and Peter-Hagene, 2015 | Groups decisions and reactions to strongly epxressed opinions | Gender |
| Heilman and Okimoto (2007) | Likeability of managers based on fictitious descriptiona | Gender |
| Green et al., 2007 | Decisions on medical procedures (thrombolysis) | Race |
Goldin & Rouse (2000)
